I want to share my views about a country which is determined to hand over to the next generation a society where the most crucial environmental problems have been solved. It is a land of many international brands like Volvo, Ericsson etc. and has given the world scientists like ‘Nobel’ and ‘Celsius’. It is among a few countries which offer free education not just to their Nationals but for international students also; a country where the voting turnout was never less than 80% and is yet to become the space exploration launching site from 2012. Can you guess which this country is? Welcome to Sweden!
Right now I am doing my Masters in Chalmers University, in Gothenburg and this place fascinated me in many ways during my stay. I’ll try to share some of my experiences/observations and these are put forth categorically.
Geographically: Let me give you some stats to start with. Sweden is a long country: 1,574 km (about 980 miles) stretching from north to south; about the same distance as Mumbai-Calcutta (1,665 km). Population is nearly 9.2 million living in 450,000 square km; roughly 22 inhabitants per square km. This can be compared to the population density in China (134/sq km), Hong Kong (6,688/sq km), and India (318/sq km).
Climate: A warm and light summer is followed by a colorful fall; a long, dark winter and a bright and longed-for spring. The average daytime temperature in the summer ranges from around +12 deg C in the north (Kiruna) to +18 deg. C in the south (Malmö). The average daytime temperature in the winter ranges from around -15 deg. C in the north to +1 deg. C in the south. This year, in Gothenburg(South-West part of Sweden) recorded a minimum of -18 deg. C as of now. I thought that the very low temperature always leads to snowfall which I realised is not true. Snow combined with wind is a very bad situation during winter. Sometimes the situation become worse when its cold and is accompanied by rain and strong wind and I faced this during my first few days in Gothenburg.
The summers in Sweden are known to be light. On the lightest day of the year in mid-June, there is on average 20 hours of sunlight throughout the country, the sun never setting in Kiruna, north of the Arctic Circle (this is known as the midnight sun). In contrast, on the darkest day of the year (mid-December), the average sun time in Sweden is about 6 hours, the sun in Kiruna not reaching above the horizon at all. So, we can’t rely or conclude from the sun to estimate the time as was the case in India in earlier days. In summers people like to go to beaches to take sun bath and enjoy the sun. In winters, though the sun’s intensity is high, the warmth of sun is not enough to combat the cold.
Food: Pizza, kebabs, falafel, hamburgers, and Chinese cuisine are some of the culinary choices. Apart from these, some Indian restaurants can be seen, though expensive but highly relished by Swedish people. Because of their association with the agricultural past, certain items are identified as particularly Swedish. A basic diet of potatoes, meat or fish, and a hearty sauce is often referred as Husmanskost, or homely fare. A less agrarian dinner alternative is the smörgåsbord. This buffet meal of cold and hot hors d'oeuvres often includes various forms of herring, meats, cheeses, and vegetables.
Breakfast typically includes bread with butter or cheese; musli or cornflakes with filmjölk, a yogurt like milk product; and coffee. Relatively light hot or cold lunches at midday customarily are followed by early-evening suppers. Bread, pasta, potatoes, carrots, cabbage, peas, herring, salmon, and meat are common components of these two meals. Immigration has enriched the range of restaurants, and restaurant patronage is rising.
Swedes are fond of coffee. Sweden is the second largest consumer of coffee in the world; with an average of 3.4 cups/person/day (only the Finnish drinks more). They also consume vast amounts of cake and candies. In an effort to limit children’s candy eating to just one day a week, parents observe the tradition of lördagsgodis, or Saturday candy.
Despite all of this, due to its multicultural society, there are also food items which we eat in India. You can find rotis (known as tortillas), rice, vegetables and almost everything which we eat in India.
Transportation:The main modes of public transportation are buses, trams and trains. These are clean and well planned. Public can buy their monthly/yearly pass or can buy their ticket via an SMS or they can just put the money in a machine and can take the ticket themselves. For the pass, they just need to swipe the card in the card reader available and hence there is no (ticket) conductor but usually there will be checking squad. Whether young or old, people follow rules and help the Government in providing those services fruitfully.
In most parts of Sweden, you can search a journey planner for any stop or address online and receive several detailed travel alternatives, including changeovers, with minute-by-minute precision. Even at stops there are boards displaying the time for the next bus. It’s because of these consistent timetables that many people are able to use public transport and still keep their daily schedules. For achieving this, there is dynamic traffic control where the driver updates the central office about the delay in his bus time, if any, and this information is conveyed and updated in all the stops along its route. Throughout the city, there are free parking displays and automatic parking facilities with ticketing machines, making it easy for the drivers to use these services by themselves.
Dynamic traffic control: I came to know that bus and tram drivers are given the power to change the traffic signals so that time is not wasted when there is no traffic. There are some sensors near the bus stops, so that the traffic lights switch to green when a bus leaves the bus stop. Pedestrians are given the top most priority contradictory to what we see in India. Almost near every zebra crossing, pedestrians can signal using a button that they need to cross the road. In some road crossings where there is no provision for button, whenever a vehicle driver sees a pedestrian he slows down and allows the pedestrian to cross. Coming from India, it was very irritating at the beginning, because we used to stop for the vehicles to pass and here they are stopping for the pedestrians.
During my stay for last 4 months in Gothenburg, very few accidents occurred that too due to the snow on the roads. I am very happy and astonished to say that I didn’t hear any vehicle “horn” unlike India. Sometimes, when the driver sees a pedestrian crossing road (other than in zebra crossing), he horns (a small ‘beep’ sound horn) and hence there is no sound pollution.